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A VPN is useful at home for a few specific jobs, not an all-purpose security blanket. Here is what it actually changes and what it leaves untouched.

For most people, not as a general security tool, but yes for a few specific jobs. Because nearly every website now uses HTTPS, the contents of your traffic, including passwords and messages, are already encrypted on your home network. A VPN adds little to that.
What a home VPN genuinely does is hide which sites you visit from your internet provider, change your apparent location for geo-restricted content, and route around throttling or network blocks. If those matter to you, a reputable paid VPN is worth it.
What it does not do is make you anonymous, stop cookie and fingerprint tracking, or block malware and phishing. It also moves your trust from your ISP to the VPN company, so a shady or free provider can be worse than none. If you mainly want "security," a password manager, two-factor authentication, and encrypted DNS will help you more than a VPN.
Not for protecting the contents of your traffic, since HTTPS already encrypts that between your browser and the site. A VPN still hides which sites you visit from your internet provider, which is the main reason to use one at home.
Your ISP can see that you are connected to a VPN and the address of the VPN server, but not the specific sites you visit or what you do on them. That visibility shifts to the VPN provider instead.
No. As soon as you log into any account, or get tracked by cookies, ad IDs, or browser fingerprinting, you are identifiable regardless of your IP address. A VPN changes your IP, not your identity.
Be cautious. Running VPN servers costs money, so many free providers monetize by logging and selling the browsing data you wanted to protect. If privacy is the goal, a reputable audited paid service is the safer choice.
No. A VPN encrypts and reroutes your connection but does nothing about malicious downloads or fake login pages. You still need antivirus, good judgment, and a password manager.
Usually a little, because traffic takes a longer encrypted path through the VPN server. With a fast modern provider and a nearby server the drop is often small, but distant servers and weak connections can be noticeably slower.
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